Swine Flu, SARS, and Kimchi

A couple of thousand years ago, makers of Kimchi (a Korean pickled cabbage side dish), long before the appearance of SARS and the Swine Flu, would never have imagined their diet staple might prevent and possibly cure these viral infections.

In April ’09, The World Health Organization (WHO) raised the influenza pandemic status to phase four warning.

What’s the difference between the yearly flu season and being infected by the A (H1N1) flu? According to the World Health Organization:

“Influenza A (H1N1) is a new virus and one to which most people have no or little immunity and, therefore, this virus could cause more infections than are seen with seasonal flu. The new influenza A (H1N1) appears to be as contagious as seasonal influenza, and is spreading fast particularly among young people (from ages 10 to 45). The severity of the disease ranges from very mild symptoms to severe illnesses that can result in death. The majorities of people who contract the virus experience the milder disease and recover without antiviral treatment or medical care. Of the more serious cases, more than half of hospitalized people had underlying health conditions or weak immune systems”. [1]

"If there is anywhere in the world that took a beating by SARS, it was Hong Kong," says Peter Cordingley, spokesman for the World Health Organization (WHO) in Manila. "The lesson was learned." Drawing on the past, Hong Kong has already issued travel advisories and stepped up controls at airports, including the use of infrared temperature scans and the detainment of travelers arriving with flu-like symptoms. [2]

The countries and overseas territories/communities that reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed case(s) since the last web update (6 July 2009) as of 22 July 2009:

Afghanistan, Andorra, Belize, Bhutan, Botswana, La Réunion (French Overseas Community), Haiti, the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, Sint Eustatius (Netherlands Antilles), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, the Sudan, Tonga, Turks and Caicos Islands (UK Overseas Territory), the United Republic of Tanzania, American Samoa (US), Guam (US)

As of July 22, 2009, the Grand Total of deaths attributed to swine flu is 1,154. For updated information of reported cases visit the WHO Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 site.

A Google Map depicting areas of the swine flu outbreak provides an accurate geographical image of infection outbreaks.

How is it treated?

For suspected cases of the virus, a five-day treatment of zanamivir alone or combination of oseltamivir and either amantadine or rimantadine is initiated. For confirmed cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, either oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) may be administered. [3]

Will a facemask protect me from being infected?

We have very limited information of the effectiveness of facemasks and respirators in combating and control of influenza. If used correctly, facemasks and respirators may help reduce the risk of getting influenza, but they should be used along with other preventive measures, such as avoiding close contact and maintaining good hand hygiene.

"Unless otherwise specified, "respirator" refers to an N95 or higher filtering face piece respirator certified by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Three feet has often been used by infection control professionals to define close contact and is based on studies of respiratory infections; however, for practical purposes, this distance may range up to 6 feet. The World Health Organization uses "approximately 1 meter"; the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration uses "within 6 feet." [3]

Any prognosis for the future?

Approximately 90-95% of infected people recover despite harsh symptoms to include 100+ degree temp. headaches, extreme fatigue, chills, diarrhea, sore throat, aching muscles, basically all the common flu symptoms.

To date, caution must be taken as swine flu (H1N1) is still spreading and may become a pandemic affecting entire regions or countries. Annual Flu outbreaks are expected and predictable. However this outbreak has not followed usual flu patterns. The future speculated prognosis is split among those who believe swine flu (H1N1) will diminish and die out this summer '09 and those who believe it will return to claim more cases similar to the influenza pandemic of 1918.

So, what's this potential wonder drug at the Korean dinner table?

Since 2003 when SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) rolled across Asia, Koreans remained unaffected for the most part. Being the daily and national side dish that it is, Kimchi was promoted to status of natural preventative and cure for SARS with virtually no scientific evidence to support the claim. Believe me, as someone who eats kimchi daily and loves it so much I operate a site called http://www.LoveThatKimchi.com, I welcome and listen to the suggestions, and hope for further scientific investigation validating such claims. Imagine being obsessed with a food that is suddenly found to save lives in the face of a new and deadly health threat.

Scientists at Seoul National University fed a kimchi extract to thirteen chickens infected with avian flu. A week later, eleven of the thirteen chickens apparently recovered. To date, such studies remain unpublished and certainly not recognized by any medical or scientific community. Professor Kang of the Seoul National University who observed the thirteen chickens stated Leuconostoc (lactic acid bacteria) found in Kimchi had a positive effect on the bird flu. .

Hong Jong Hoon, a technical consultant with the Korea Agriculture Development Institute, suggested another possible and connecting factor is the ways Koreans eat most of their garlic!

Hong began his researching studies at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's website where he found a connection between SARS and the corona virus. He then made his way to Stanford University's site, which lists - along with reducing stress, getting more sleep and frequently washing your hands - putting drops of garlic juice on the nostrils as a way to fight infection. Put it all together, he says, and you see why South Korea has had only a handful of suspected cases of SARS and no fatalities, despite its close proximity to China, where the virus originated, and to hard-hit Hong Kong and Taiwan. Hong concedes that many other countries make ample use of garlic in their diets, including Italy and China. But they cook their garlic; Koreans eat theirs raw in kimchi. His theory may be tough to prove, but that doesn't mean it isn't true, he says. [4]

Park Yong Woo, a doctor of family medicine at Seoul's Samsung Hospital, welcoming needed clinical testing, says, he's convinced of its healing properties.

"I'd like to compare it with an orchestra," Park says. "It's made of cabbage. But within that are a lot of healthy constituents, including garlic, ginger and chile peppers. It's very harmonious food."

Kim Man Jo, a food industry consultant and author of several books, including Kimchi, Kimchi, believes Kimchi's curing or managing properties against some infectious disease is created and found in the fermentation process - "They haven't done experiments yet, but harmful diseases can be dominated by the lactobacilli.” she says.

Depending on the variety, I know the most common nappa cabbage kimchi variety has a strong combination of cabbage, red chili pepper powder, fish sauce, lots of garlic, salt, green onions, daikon radish, sugar, and yes, even more garlic - all fermented to perfection to deliver the heavenly flavor and strongest anti-microbial punch. Withstanding the lack of research in swine flu and kimchi as a preventative or cure, research has found that these friendly bacteria to boost the immune system. Further research has shown live indigenous bacteria and chemicals they produce can penetrate the intestinal wall and stimulate growth and maintenance of immune cells. Strains of Lactobacillus can also stimulate defense cells and increase anti-viral chemicals like interferon.

To date we do have specified medical treatment and course of action despite no vaccine. While it excites me to find kimchi may possess combative properties against certain viral strains, until the claims are subjected to the "scientific method", it shall remain a folkloric home remedy alongside chicken soup. Despite the lack of evidence, If a pandemic condition swept the area I live in, I would certainly heed Westerm medical approaches and most importantly, double up on my kimchi consumption. Shall we say to each his own?

With the unfortunate number of those who've died from SARS or Swine Flu (Swine flu killing over 1100 victims worldwide as of July '09 and over 700 claimed by SARS) perhaps it will take a pandemic and desperate condition to even consider researching these currently unfounded beliefs and claims. Today, at least 168 countries and territories have reported confirmed swine flu cases.

Since I first ate kimchi in 1990, it remains a favorite daily side dish that I always look forward to. Whether it cures anything or not, it certainly makes my taste buds and overall system feel great. I just can't sit to dine at home or a Korean restaurant without it.

While these flu strains come and go or stay, those who enjoy eating kimchi (touted as one of the five healthiest foods in the world by Health Magazine) continue to get more than their share of nature's probiotic which some day may add new flu strains to it's long list of combated enemies.

In the meantime, for various flu strains we have existing vaccines and for those we don't or other still standing bugs such as the common cold, we have Gatorade, chicken soup, and old-fashioned but very effective rest.
by: Randy Stewart
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WHO: Wabah Flu Babi Tidak Terhentikan

JENEWA - Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyatakan laju penyebaran flu Babi "tidak terhentikan". Seluruh negara harus memiliki akeses mendapatkan vaksin.

Inggris, Thailand, dan Filipina, kembali mengumumkan korban meninggal akibat virus A(H1N1), Senin kemarin. Sementara Arab Saudi menutup sebuah sekolah internasional setelah 20 siswanya didagnosa terjangkit virus itu.

Seiring semakin bertambahnya korban meninggal, pejabat WHO menyatakan vaksin mulai tersedia pada awal September.

Direktur penelitian vaksin WHO, Marie Paul Kieny seperti dikutip AFP, Selasa (14/7/2009), mengatakan sekelompok ahli pembuatan vaksin menyimpulkan bahwa laju penyebaran flu A(H1N1) tidak dapat dihentikan. Oleh karena itu seluruh negara harus memiliki akses untuk mendapatkan vaksin.

Negara-negara akan dibebaskan untuk menentukan prioritas nasional. Namun berbagai kalangan meminta agar perempuan hamil dan warga yang usianya di atas enam bulan, termasuk golongan rentan terjangkit dan harus menjadi prioritas.

Menurut Kieny, perhatian utama juga harus diberikan kepada anak-anak. Banyak kasus flu yang telah menjangkiti di lebih dari negara itu, menyebar di kalangan anak-anak sekolah.

Sejauh ini WHO telah mengonfirmasi lebih dari 90.000 kasus flu A(H1N1). Sebanyak 429 orang meninggal.
Sumber : okezone.com

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Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 58

Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)
6 July 2009 09:00 GMT
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases is given in the following table and map.
Map of the spread of pandemic (H1N1) 2009: number of laboratory confirmed cases and deaths [png 190kb]

Country, territory and area Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Algeria 5 0 0 0
Antigua and Barbuda 2 0 0 0
Argentina 2485 60 898 34
Australia 5298 10 730 1
Austria 19 0 4 0
Bahamas 7 0 1 0
Bahrain 15 0 0 0
Bangladesh 18 0 6 0
Barbados 12 0 0 0
Belgium 54 0 5 0
Bermuda, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Bolivia 416 0 133 0
Bosnia and Hezegovina 1 0 0 0
Brazil 737 1 0 0
British Virg Islands,UKOT 2 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 124 0 39 0
Bulgaria 10 0 0 0
Cambodia 7 0 0 0
Canada 7983 25 0 0
Cap Verde 3 0 0 0
Cayman Islands, UKOT 14 0 0 0
Chile 7376 14 0 0
China 2040 0 226 0
Colombia 118 2 17 0
Cook Island 1 0 1 0
Costa Rica 277 3 50 1
Cote d'Ivoire 2 0 0 0
Croatia 1 0 1 0
Cuba 85 0 12 0
Cyprus 109 0 39 0
Czech Republic 15 0 0 0
Denmark 66 0 3 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 108 2 0 0
Ecuador 204 0 41 0
Egypt 78 0 11 0
El Salvador 319 0 66 0
Estonia 13 0 0 0
Ethiopia 3 0 0 0
Fiji 2 0 0 0
Finland 47 0 4 0
France 310 0 10 0
French Polynesia, FOC 4 0 2 0
Guadaloupe, FOC 2 0 2 0
Martinique, FOC 3 0 1 0
New Caledonia, FOC 12 0 6 0
Saint Martin, FOC 1 0 1 0
Germany 505 0 35 0
Greece 151 0 42 0
Guatemala 286 2 32 0
Guyana 2 0 2 0
Honduras 123 1 0 0
Hungary 11 0 0 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 129 0 25 0
Indonesia 20 0 12 0
Iran, Islamic Republic 1 0 0 0
Iraq 12 0 1 0
Ireland 74 0 23 0
Israel 681 0 104 0
Italy 146 0 16 0
Jamaica 32 0 0 0
Japan 1790 0 344 0
Jordan 23 0 1 0
Kenya 15 0 3 0
Korea, Republic of 202 0 0 0
Kuwait 35 0 0 0
Laos 5 0 2 0
Latvia 1 0 0 0
Lebanon 49 0 2 0
Libya 1 0 1 0
Lithuania 3 0 0 0
Luxembourg 6 0 2 0
Macedonia 2 0 2 0
Malaysia 112 0 0 0
Malta 24 0 22 0
Mauritius 1 0 0 0
Mexico 10262 119 0 0
Montenegro 10 0 1 0
Morocco 17 0 0 0
Myanmar 1 0 0 0
Nepal 5 0 0 0
Netherlands 135 0 1 0
Netherlands, Aruba 5 0 0 0
Nether Antilles, Curaçao 8 0 0 0
Nether Anti,Sint Maarten 7 0 0 0
New Zealand 1059 3 147 3
Nicaragua 321 0 13 0
Norway 41 0 0 0
Oman 4 0 1 0
Palau 1 0 0 0
Panama 417 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 1 0 0 0
Paraguay 106 1 3 1
Peru 916 0 378 0
Philippines 1709 1 0 0
Poland 25 0 6 0
Portugal 42 0 15 0
Qatar 23 0 13 0
Romania 41 0 5 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Saint Lucia 1 0 0 0
Samoa 1 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 114 0 25 0
Serbia 15 0 0 0
Singapore 1055 0 177 0
Slovakia 18 0 0 0
Slovenia 14 0 9 0
South Africa 18 0 6 0
Spain 776 1 16 0
Sri Lanka 19 0 2 0
Suriname 11 0 0 0
Sweden 84 0 10 0
Switzerland 76 0 4 0
Syria 1 0 1 0
Thailand 2076 7 662 4
Trinidad and Tobago 65 0 12 0
Tunisia 5 0 2 0
Turkey 40 0 0 0
Uganda 1 0 0 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 8 0 0 0
United Kingdom 7447 3 0 0
Guernsey, Crown Dependen 5 0 0 0
Isle of Man, Crown Depen 1 0 0 0
Jersey, Crown Dependency 11 0 0 0
United States of America 33902 170 0 0
Puerto Rico 18 0 18 0
Virgin Islands 1 0 1 0
Uruguay 195 4 0 3
Vanuatu 2 0 0 0
Venezuela 206 0 2 0
Viet Nam 181 0 50 0
West Bank andGaza Strip 60 0 30 0
Yemen 8 0 1 0
Grand Total 94512 429 4591 47
Chinese Taipei has reported 61 confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision

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Swine Influenza (Flu)

Swine influenza (also called swine flu, hog flu and pig flu) is an infection of a host animal by any one of several specific types of swine influenza virus. In 2009 the media labeled as "swine flu" flu caused by 2009's new strain of swine-origin A/H1N1 pandemic virus just as it had earlier dubbed as "avian flu" flu caused by the recent Asian-linage HPAI (High Pathogenic Avian Influenza) H5N1 strain that is still endemic in many wild bird species in several countries.

A swine influenza virus (SIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is usually hosted by (is endemic in) pigs.As of 2009, the known SIV strains are the influenza C virus and the subtypes of the influenza A virus known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3. Swine flu is common throughout pig populations worldwide.

Transmission of swine influenza virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always cause human influenza, often only resulting in the production of antibodies in the blood. The meat of the animal poses no risk of transmitting the virus when properly cooked. If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People who work with pigs, especially people with intense exposures, are at increased risk of catching swine flu. In the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, which allows accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, fifty confirmed transmissions have been recorded. Rarely, these strains of swine flu can pass from human to human. In humans, the symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort. Pigs can also become infected with human influenza, and this appears to have happened during the 1918 flu pandemic.

The 2009 swine flu outbreak in humans is due to a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 that contains genes closely related to swine influenza.The origin of this new strain is unknown. However, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) reports that this strain has not been isolated in pigs.This strain can be transmitted from human to human,and causes the normal symptoms of influenza.
Classification

Of the three genera of influenza viruses that cause human flu, two also cause influenza in pigs, with Influenzavirus A being common in pigs and Influenzavirus C being rare.Influenzavirus B has not been reported in pigs. Within Influenzavirus A and Influenzavirus C, the strains found in pigs and humans are largely distinct, although due to reassortment there have been transfers of genes among strains crossing swine, avian, and human species boundaries.

[edit] Influenza C

Influenza C viruses infect both humans and pigs, but do not infect birds.Transmission between pigs and humans have occurred in the past.For example, influenza C caused small outbreaks of a mild form of influenza amongst children in Japan[11] and California.Due to its limited host range and the lack of genetic diversity in influenza C, this form of influenza does not cause pandemics in humans.

Influenza A

Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1,H1N2,H3N1, H3N2,and H2N3.In pigs, three influenza A virus subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2) are the most common strains worldwide.In the United States, the H1N1 subtype was exclusively prevalent among swine populations before 1998; however, since late August 1998, H3N2 subtypes have been isolated from pigs. As of 2004, H3N2 virus isolates in US swine and turkey stocks were triple reassortants, containing genes from human (HA, NA, and PB1), swine (NS, NP, and M), and avian (PB2 and PA) lineages.

Surveillance
Although there is no formal national surveillance system in the United States to determine what viruses are circulating in pigs,there is an informal surveillance network in the United States that is part of a world surveillance network.

Veterinary medical pathologist, Tracey McNamara, set up a national disease surveillance system in zoos because the zoos do active disease surveillance and many of the exotic animals housed there have broad susceptibilities. Many species fall below the radar of any federal agencies (including dogs, cats, pet prairie dogs, zoo animals, and urban wildlife), even though they may be important in the early detection of human disease outbreaks.

History

Swine influenza was first proposed to be a disease related to human influenza during the 1918 flu pandemic, when pigs became sick at the same time as humans.The first identification of an influenza virus as a cause of disease in pigs occurred about ten years later, in 1930.For the following 60 years, swine influenza strains were almost exclusively H1N1. Then, between 1997 and 2002, new strains of three different subtypes and five different genotypes emerged as causes of influenza among pigs in North America. In 1997-1998, H3N2 strains emerged. These strains, which include genes derived by reassortment from human, swine and avian viruses, have become a major cause of swine influenza in North America. Reassortment between H1N1 and H3N2 produced H1N2. In 1999 in Canada, a strain of H4N6 crossed the species barrier from birds to pigs, but was contained on a single farm.

The H1N1 form of swine flu is one of the descendants of the strain that caused the 1918 flu pandemic.As well as persisting in pigs, the descendants of the 1918 virus have also circulated in humans through the 20th century, contributing to the normal seasonal epidemics of influenza.However, direct transmission from pigs to humans is rare, with only 12 cases in the U.S. since 2005.Nevertheless, the retention of influenza strains in pigs after these strains have disappeared from the human population might make pigs a reservoir where influenza viruses could persist, later emerging to reinfect humans once human immunity to these strains has waned.

Swine flu has been reported numerous times as a zoonosis in humans, usually with limited distribution, rarely with a widespread distribution. Outbreaks in swine are common and cause significant economic losses in industry, primarily by causing stunting and extended time to market. For example, this disease costs the British meat industry about £65 million every year.

1918 pandemic in humans

The 1918 flu pandemic in humans was associated with H1N1 and influenza appearing in pigs;this may reflect a zoonosis either from swine to humans, or from humans to swine. Although it is not certain in which direction the virus was transferred, some evidence suggests that, in this case, pigs caught the disease from humans.For instance, swine influenza was only noted as a new disease of pigs in 1918, after the first large outbreaks of influenza amongst people.Although a recent phylogenetic analysis of more recent strains of influenza in humans, birds, and swine suggests that the 1918 outbreak in humans followed a reassortment event within a mammal,the exact origin of the 1918 strain remains elusive.

1976 U.S. outbreak
Main article: 1976 swine flu outbreak

On February 5, 1976, in the United States an army recruit at Fort Dix said he felt tired and weak. He died the next day and four of his fellow soldiers were later hospitalized. Two weeks after his death, health officials announced that the cause of death was a new strain of swine flu. The strain, a variant of H1N1, is known as A/New Jersey/1976 (H1N1). It was detected only from January 19 to February 9 and did not spread beyond Fort Dix.
President Ford receives swine flu vaccination

This new strain appeared to be closely related to the strain involved in the 1918 flu pandemic. Moreover, the ensuing increased surveillance uncovered another strain in circulation in the U.S.: A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) spread simultaneously, also caused illness, and persisted until March.Alarmed public-health officials decided action must be taken to head off another major pandemic, and urged President Gerald Ford that every person in the U.S. be vaccinated for the disease.

The vaccination program was plagued by delays and public relations problems.On October 1, 1976, the immunization program began and by October 11, approximately 40 million people, or about 24% of the population, had received swine flu immunizations. That same day, three senior citizens died soon after receiving their swine flu shots and there was a media outcry linking the deaths to the immunizations, despite the lack of positive proof. According to science writer Patrick Di Justo, however, by the time the truth was known — that the deaths were not proven to be related to the vaccine — it was too late. "The government had long feared mass panic about swine flu — now they feared mass panic about the swine flu vaccinations." This became a strong setback to the program.

There were reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome, a paralyzing neuromuscular disorder, affecting some people who had received swine flu immunizations. This syndrome is a rare side-effect of modern influenza vaccines, with an incidence of about one case per million vaccinations.As a result, Di Justo writes that "the public refused to trust a government-operated health program that killed old people and crippled young people." In total, less than 33% of the population had been immunized by the end of 1976. The National Influenza Immunization Program was effectively halted on December 16.

Overall, there were about 500 cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), resulting in death from severe pulmonary complications for 25 people, which, according to Dr. P. Haber, were probably caused by an immunopathological reaction to the 1976 vaccine. Other influenza vaccines have not been linked to GBS, though caution is advised for certain individuals, particularly those with a history of GBS.Still, as observed by a participant in the immunization program, the vaccine killed more Americans than the disease did.

1988 zoonosis

In September 1988, a swine flu virus killed one woman and infected others. 32-year old Barbara Ann Wieners was eight months pregnant when she and her husband, Ed, became ill after visiting the hog barn at a county fair in Walworth County, Wisconsin. Barbara died eight days later, after developing pneumonia.The only pathogen identified was an H1N1 strain of swine influenza virus.Doctors were able to induce labor and deliver a healthy daughter before she died. Her husband recovered from his symptoms.

ILI was reportedly widespread among the pigs exhibited at the fair. 76% of 25 swine exhibitors aged 9 to 19 tested positive for antibody to SIV, but no serious illnesses were detected among this group. Additional studies suggested between one and three health care personnel who had contact with the patient developed mild influenza-like illnesses with antibody evidence of swine flu infection. However, there was no community outbreak.

1998 US outbreak in swine

In 1998, swine flu was found in pigs in four U.S. states. Within a year, it had spread through pig populations across the United States. Scientists found that this virus had originated in pigs as a recombinant form of flu strains from birds and humans. This outbreak confirmed that pigs can serve as a crucible where novel influenza viruses emerge as a result of the reassortment of genes from different strains.

On August 20, 2007 Department of Agriculture officers investigated the outbreak (epizootic) of swine flu in Nueva Ecija and Central Luzon, Philippines. The mortality rate is less than 10% for swine flu, unless there are complications like hog cholera. On July 27, 2007, the Philippine National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) raised a hog cholera "red alert" warning over Metro Manila and 5 regions of Luzon after the disease spread to backyard pig farms in Bulacan and Pampanga, even if these tested negative for the swine flu virus.

2009 outbreak in humans
Main article: 2009 flu pandemic

The 2009 flu outbreak is due to a new strain of subtype H1N1 not previously reported in pigs.In late April, Margaret Chan, the World Health Organization's director-general, declared a "public health emergency of international concern" under the rules of the WHO's new International Health Regulations when the first cases of the H1N1 virus were reported in the United States.Following the outbreak, on May 2, 2009, it was reported in pigs at a farm in Alberta, Canada, with a link to the outbreak in Mexico. The pigs are suspected to have caught this new strain of virus from a farm worker who recently returned from Mexico, then showed symptoms of an influenza-like illness.These are probable cases, pending confirmation by laboratory testing.

The new strain was initially described as an apparent reassortment of at least four strains of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, including one strain endemic in humans, one endemic in birds, and two endemic in swine.Subsequent analysis suggested it was a reassortment of just two strains, both found in swine.Although initial reports identified the new strain as swine influenza (i.e., a zoonosis originating in swine), its origin is unknown. Several countries took precautionary measures to reduce the chances for a global pandemic of the disease.The Swine flu has been compared to other similar types of influenza virus in terms of mortality: "in the US it appears that for every 1000 people who get infected, about 40 people need admission to hospital and about one person dies".

Transmission

Transmission between pigs

Influenza is quite common in pigs, with about half of breeding pigs having been exposed to the virus in the US.Antibodies to the virus are also common in pigs in other countries.

The main route of transmission is through direct contact between infected and uninfected animals.These close contacts are particularly common during animal transport. Intensive farming may also increase the risk of transmission, as the pigs are raised in very close proximity to each other.The direct transfer of the virus probably occurs either by pigs touching noses, or through dried mucus. Airborne transmission through the aerosols produced by pigs coughing or sneezing are also an important means of infection.The virus usually spreads quickly through a herd, infecting all the pigs within just a few days.Transmission may also occur through wild animals, such as wild boar, which can spread the disease between farms.

Transmission to humans

People who work with poultry and swine, especially people with intense exposures, are at increased risk of zoonotic infection with influenza virus endemic in these animals, and constitute a population of human hosts in which zoonosis and reassortment can co-occur.Vaccination of these workers against influenza and surveillance for new influenza strains among this population may therefore be an important public health measure.Transmission of influenza from swine to humans who work with swine was documented in a small surveillance study performed in 2004 at the University of Iowa.This study among others forms the basis of a recommendation that people whose jobs involve handling poultry and swine be the focus of increased public health surveillance.Other professions at particular risk of infection are veterinarians and meat processing workers, although the risk of infection for both of these groups is lower than that of farm workers.

Interaction with avian H5N1 in pigs

Pigs are unusual as they can be infected with influenza strains that usually infect three different species: pigs, birds and humans.[60] This makes pigs a host where influenza viruses might exchange genes, producing new and dangerous strains.Avian influenza virus H3N2 is endemic in pigs in China and has been detected in pigs in Vietnam, increasing fears of the emergence of new variant strains.H3N2 evolved from H2N2 by antigenic shift.In August 2004, researchers in China found H5N1 in pigs.
Main symptoms of swine flu in swine.

These H5N1 infections may be quite common: in a survey of 10 apparently healthy pigs housed near poultry farms in West Java, where avian flu had broken out, five of the pig samples contained the H5N1 virus. The Indonesian government has since found similar results in the same region. Additional tests of 150 pigs outside the area were negative.

Signs and symptoms

In swine

In pigs influenza infection produces fever, lethargy, sneezing, coughing, difficulty breathing and decreased appetite.In some cases the infection can cause abortion. Although mortality is usually low (around 1-4%),the virus can produce weight loss and poor growth, causing economic loss to farmers.Infected pigs can lose up to 12 pounds of body weight over a 3 to 4 week period.

In humans
Main symptoms of swine flu in humans

Direct transmission of a swine flu virus from pigs to humans is occasionally possible (called zoonotic swine flu). In all, 50 cases are known to have occurred since the first report in medical literature in 1958, which have resulted in a total of six deaths.Of these six people, one was pregnant, one had leukemia, one had Hodgkin disease and two were known to be previously healthy.Despite these apparently low numbers of infections, the true rate of infection may be higher, since most cases only cause a very mild disease, and will probably never be reported or diagnosed.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in humans the symptoms of the 2009 "swine flu" H1N1 virus are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. The 2009 outbreak has shown an increased percentage of patients reporting diarrhea and vomiting.The 2009 H1N1 virus is not zoonotic swine flu, as it is not transmitted from pigs to humans, but from person to person.

Because these symptoms are not specific to swine flu, a differential diagnosis of probable swine flu requires not only symptoms but also a high likelihood of swine flu due to the person's recent history. For example, during the 2009 swine flu outbreak in the United States, CDC advised physicians to "consider swine influenza infection in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute febrile respiratory illness who have either been in contact with persons with confirmed swine flu, or who were in one of the five U.S. states that have reported swine flu cases or in Mexico during the 7 days preceding their illness onset."A diagnosis of confirmed swine flu requires laboratory testing of a respiratory sample (a simple nose and throat swab).

Prevention
Prevention of swine influenza has three components: prevention in swine, prevention of transmission to humans, and prevention of its spread among humans.

Prevention in swine
Methods of preventing the spread of influenza among swine include facility management, herd management, and vaccination. Because much of the illness and death associated with swine flu involves secondary infection by other pathogens, control strategies that rely on vaccination may be insufficient.

Control of swine influenza by vaccination has become more difficult in recent decades, as the evolution of the virus has resulted in inconsistent responses to traditional vaccines. Standard commercial swine flu vaccines are effective in controlling the infection when the virus strains match enough to have significant cross-protection, and custom (autogenous) vaccines made from the specific viruses isolated are created and used in the more difficult cases.Present vaccination strategies for SIV control and prevention in swine farms typically include the use of one of several bivalent SIV vaccines commercially available in the United States. Of the 97 recent H3N2 isolates examined, only 41 isolates had strong serologic cross-reactions with antiserum to three commercial SIV vaccines. Since the protective ability of influenza vaccines depends primarily on the closeness of the match between the vaccine virus and the epidemic virus, the presence of nonreactive H3N2 SIV variants suggests that current commercial vaccines might not effectively protect pigs from infection with a majority of H3N2 viruses.The United States Department of Agriculture researchers say that while pig vaccination keeps pigs from getting sick, it does not block infection or shedding of the virus.

Facility management includes using disinfectants and ambient temperature to control virus in the environment. The virus is unlikely to survive outside living cells for more than two weeks, except in cold (but above freezing) conditions, and it is readily inactivated by disinfectants.Herd management includes not adding pigs carrying influenza to herds that have not been exposed to the virus. The virus survives in healthy carrier pigs for up to 3 months and can be recovered from them between outbreaks. Carrier pigs are usually responsible for the introduction of SIV into previously uninfected herds and countries, so new animals should be quarantined.After an outbreak, as immunity in exposed pigs wanes, new outbreaks of the same strain can occur.

Prevention in humans

Prevention of pig to human transmission

Swine can be infected by both avian and human influenza strains of influenza, and therefore are hosts where the antigenic shifts can occur that create new influenza strains.

The transmission from swine to human is believed to occur mainly in swine farms where farmers are in close contact with live pigs. Although strains of swine influenza are usually not able to infect humans this may occasionally happen, so farmers and veterinarians are encouraged to use a face mask when dealing with infected animals. The use of vaccines on swine to prevent their infection is a major method of limiting swine to human transmission. Risk factors that may contribute to swine-to-human transmission include smoking and not wearing gloves when working with sick animals.

Prevention of human to human transmission
Influenza spreads between humans through coughing or sneezing and people touching something with the virus on it and then touching their own nose or mouth.[76] Swine flu cannot be spread by pork products, since the virus is not transmitted through food.The swine flu in humans is most contagious during the first five days of the illness although some people, most commonly children, can remain contagious for up to ten days. Diagnosis can be made by sending a specimen, collected during the first five days for analysis.

Recommendations to prevent spread of the virus among humans include using standard infection control against influenza. This includes frequent washing of hands with soap and water or with alcohol-based hand sanitizers, especially after being out in public.Chance of transmission is also reduced by disinfecting household surfaces, which can be done effectively with a diluted chlorine bleach solution. Although the current trivalent influenza vaccine is unlikely to provide protection against the new 2009 H1N1 strain,vaccines against the new strain are being developed and could be ready as early as June 2009.

Experts agree that hand-washing can help prevent viral infections, including ordinary influenza and the swine flu virus. Influenza can spread in coughs or sneezes, but an increasing body of evidence shows small droplets containing the virus can linger on tabletops, telephones and other surfaces and be transferred via the fingers to the mouth, nose or eyes. Alcohol-based gel or foam hand sanitizers work well to destroy viruses and bacteria. Anyone with flu-like symptoms such as a sudden fever, cough or muscle aches should stay away from work or public transportation and should contact a doctor for advice.

Social distancing is another tactic. It means staying away from other people who might be infected and can include avoiding large gatherings, spreading out a little at work, or perhaps staying home and lying low if an infection is spreading in a community. Public health and other responsible authorities have action plans which may request or require social distancing actions depending on the severity of the outbreak.

In swine

As swine influenza is rarely fatal to pigs, little treatment beyond rest and supportive care is required.Instead veterinary efforts are focused on preventing the spread of the virus throughout the farm, or to other farms.Vaccination and animal management techniques are most important in these efforts. Antibiotics are also used to treat this disease, which although they have no effect against the influenza virus, do help prevent bacterial pneumonia and other secondary infections in influenza-weakened herds.

In humans
If a person becomes sick with swine flu, antiviral drugs can make the illness milder and make the patient feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). Beside antivirals, palliative care, at home or in hospital, focuses on controlling fevers and maintaining fluid balance. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the use of Tamiflu (oseltamivir) or Relenza (zanamivir) for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses; however, the majority of people infected with the virus make a full recovery without requiring medical attention or antiviral drugs.The virus isolates in the 2009 outbreak have been found resistant to amantadine and rimantadine.

In the U.S., on April 27, 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued Emergency Use Authorizations to make available Relenza and Tamiflu antiviral drugs to treat the swine influenza virus in cases for which they are currently unapproved. The agency issued these EUAs to allow treatment of patients younger than the current approval allows and to allow the widespread distribution of the drugs, including by non-licensed volunteers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swine_influenza
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Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 57

Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)
3 July 2009 09:00 GMT
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases is given in the following table and map.
Map of the spread of pandemic (H1N1) 2009: number of laboratory confirmed cases and deaths [png 190kb]

Country, territory and area Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Algeria 5 0 3 0
Antigua and Barbuda 2 0 0 0
Argentina 1587 26 0 0
Australia 4568 9 478 2
Austria 15 0 0 0
Bahamas 6 0 0 0
Bahrain 15 0 0 0
Bangladesh 12 0 11 0
Barbados 12 0 2 0
Belgium 49 0 2 0
Bermuda, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Bolivia 283 0 78 0
Bosnia and Hezegovina 1 0 1 0
Brazil 737 1 57 0
British Virgin Islands,UKOT 2 0 1 0
Brunei Darussalam 85 0 56 0
Bulgaria 10 0 0 0
Cambodia 7 0 1 0
Canada 7983 25 0 0
Cap Verde 3 0 0 0
Cayman Islands, UKOT 14 0 1 0
Chile 7376 14 1165 2
China 1814 0 296 0
Colombia 101 2 8 0
Costa Rica* 227 2 -52 0
Cote d'Ivoire 2 0 0 0
Cuba 73 0 27 0
Cyprus 70 0 22 0
Czech Republic 15 0 6 0
Denmark 63 0 8 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 108 2 0 0
Ecuador 163 0 0 0
Egypt 67 0 0 0
El Salvador 253 0 27 0
Estonia 13 0 0 0
Ethiopia 3 0 1 0
Fiji 2 0 0 0
Finland 43 0 17 0
France 300 0 23 0
French Polynesia,FOC 2 0 0 0
Martinique, FOC 2 0 0 0
France, New Caledonia,FOC 6 0 0 0
Germany 470 0 53 0
Greece 109 0 17 0
Guatemala 254 2 0 0
Honduras 123 1 5 0
Hungary 11 0 1 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 104 0 0 0
Indonesia 8 0 0 0
Iran 1 0 0 0
Iraq 11 0 0 0
Ireland 51 0 10 0
Israel 577 0 71 0
Italy 130 0 7 0
Jamaica 32 0 0 0
Japan 1446 0 180 0
Jordan 22 0 2 0
Kenya 12 0 11 0
Korea, Republic of 202 0 0 0
Kuwait 35 0 1 0
Laos 3 0 0 0
Latvia 1 0 0 0
Lebanon 47 0 8 0
Lithuania 3 0 2 0
Luxembourg 4 0 0 0
Malaysia 112 0 0 0
Malta 2 0 2 0
Mauritius* 1 0 -6 0
Mexico 10262 119 1582 3
Montenegro 9 0 5 0
Morocco 17 0 0 0
Myanmar 1 0 0 0
Nepal 5 0 2 0
Netherlands 134 0 6 0
Netherlands, Aruba 5 0 5 0
Netherlands Antilles, Curaçao 8 0 1 0
Netherlands Antilles, Sint Maarten 7 0 0 0
New Zealand 912 0 201 0
Nicaragua 308 0 15 0
Norway 41 0 9 0
Oman 3 0 0 0
Palau 1 0 1 0
Panama 417 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 1 0 0 0
Paraguay 103 0 7 0
Peru 538 0 0 0
Philippines 1709 1 848 0
Poland 19 0 4 0
Portugal 27 0 10 0
Qatar 10 0 0 0
Romania 36 0 8 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Saint Lucia 1 0 0 0
Samoa 1 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 89 0 8 0
Serbia 15 0 3 0
Singapore 878 0 177 0
Slovakia 18 0 5 0
Slovenia 5 0 1 0
South Africa 12 0 11 0
Spain 760 1 43 0
Sri Lanka 17 0 2 0
Suriname 11 0 0 0
Sweden 74 0 5 0
Switzerland 72 0 16 0
Thailand 1414 3 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 53 0 0 0
Tunisia 3 0 0 0
Turkey 40 0 8 0
Uganda 1 0 1 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 8 0 0 0
United Kingdom 7447 3 909 0
Guernsey, Crown Dependency 5 0 0 0
Isle of Man, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
Jersey, Crown Dependency 11 0 3 0
United States of America 33902 170 6185 43
Uruguay 195 1 0 0
Vanuatu 2 0 0 0
Venezuela 204 0 11 0
Viet Nam 131 0 8 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip 30 0 17 0
Yemen 7 0 0 0
Grand Total 89921 382 12720 50
Chinese Taipei has reported 61 confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision
http://www.who.int
Read Full Article...>>>

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 56

Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)
1 July 2009 09:00 GMT
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases is given in the following table and map.
Map of the spread of pandemic (H1N1) 2009: number of laboratory confirmed cases and deaths [png 172kb]

Country, territory and area Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Algeria 2 0 0 0
Antigua and Barbuda 2 0 0 0
Argentina 1587 26 99 3
Australia 4090 7 52 0
Austria 15 0 3 0
Bahamas 6 0 2 0
Bahrain 15 0 0 0
Bangladesh 1 0 0 0
Barbados 10 0 0 0
Belgium 47 0 4 0
Bermuda, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Bolivia 205 0 79 0
Brazil 680 1 228 1
British Virgin Islands, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 29 0 0 0
Bulgaria 10 0 3 0
Cambodia 6 0 0 0
Canada 7983 25 208 4
Cap Verde 3 0 0 0
Cayman Islands, UKOT 13 0 4 0
Chile 6211 12 1025 5
China 1518 0 76 0
Colombia 93 2 5 0
Costa Rica 279 2 24 1
Cote d'Ivoire 2 0 0 0
Cuba 46 0 12 0
Cyprus 48 0 23 0
Czech Republic 9 0 0 0
Denmark 55 0 11 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 108 2 0 0
Ecuador 163 0 38 0
Egypt 67 0 17 0
El Salvador 226 0 0 0
Estonia 13 0 0 0
Ethiopia 2 0 0 0
Fiji 2 0 0 0
Finland 26 0 0 0
France 277 0 42 0
French Polynesia, FOC 2 0 0 0
Martinique, FOC 2 0 0 0
France, New Caledonia, FOC 6 0 6 0
Germany 417 0 51 0
Greece 92 0 6 0
Guatemala 254 2 0 0
Honduras 118 1 0 0
Hungary 10 0 2 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 104 0 40 0
Indonesia 8 0 0 0
Iran 1 0 0 0
Iraq 11 0 1 0
Ireland 41 0 2 0
Israel 506 0 37 0
Italy 123 0 11 0
Jamaica 32 0 11 0
Japan 1266 0 54 0
Jordan 20 0 2 0
Kenya 1 0 1 0
Korea, Republic of 202 0 0 0
Kuwait 34 0 4 0
Laos 3 0 0 0
Latvia 1 0 0 0
Lebanon 39 0 14 0
Lithuania 1 0 0 0
Luxembourg 4 0 0 0
Malaysia 112 0 0 0
Mauritius 7 0 7 0
Mexico 8680 116 401 0
Montenegro 4 0 3 0
Morocco 17 0 6 0
Myanmar 1 0 1 0
Nepal 3 0 0 0
Netherlands 128 0 10 0
Netherlands Antilles, Curaçao 7 0 4 0
Netherlands Antilles, Sint Maarten 7 0 6 0
New Zealand 711 0 124 0
Nicaragua 293 0 16 0
Norway 32 0 1 0
Oman 3 0 0 0
Panama 417 0 14 0
Papua New Guinea 1 0 0 0
Paraguay 96 0 11 0
Peru 538 0 178 0
Philippines 861 1 0 0
Poland 15 0 1 0
Portugal 17 0 6 0
Qatar 10 0 0 0
Romania 28 0 4 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Saint Lucia 1 0 1 0
Samoa 1 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 81 0 12 0
Serbia 12 0 7 0
Singapore 701 0 102 0
Slovakia 13 0 4 0
Slovenia 4 0 0 0
South Africa 1 0 0 0
Spain 717 1 176 1
Sri Lanka 15 0 6 0
Suriname 11 0 0 0
Sweden 69 0 2 0
Switzerland 56 0 7 0
Thailand 1414 3 640 3
Trinidad and Tobago 53 0 0 0
Tunisia 3 0 1 0
Turkey 32 0 5 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 8 0 0 0
United Kingdom 6538 3 2288 2
Guernsey, Crown Dependency 5 0 4 0
Isle of Man, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
Jersey, Crown Dependency 8 0 0 0
United States of America 27717 127 0 0
Uruguay 195 1 0 1
Vanuatu 2 0 0 0
Venezuela 193 0 21 0
Viet Nam 123 0 39 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip 13 0 4 0
Yemen 7 0 1 0
Grand Total 77201 332 6308 21
Chinese Taipei has reported 61 confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision
http://www.who.int
Read Full Article...>>>

Influenza A(H1N1) - update 55

Laboratory-confirmed cases of new influenza A(H1N1) as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)
29 June 2009 09:00 GMT
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases is given in the following table and map.
Map of the spread of Influenza A(H1N1): number of laboratory confirmed cases and deaths [png 171kb]

Country, territory and area Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Algeria 2 0 0 0
Antigua and Barbuda 2 0 0 0
Argentina 1488 23 97 2
Australia 4038 7 758 4
Austria 12 0 0 0
Bahamas 4 0 0 0
Bahrain 15 0 0 0
Bangladesh 1 0 0 0
Barbados 10 0 0 0
Belgium 43 0 7 0
Bermuda, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Bolivia 126 0 79 0
Brazil 452 0 53 0
British Virgin Islands, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 29 0 18 0
Bulgaria 7 0 0 0
Cambodia 6 0 1 0
Canada 7775 21 1043 2
Cap Verde 3 0 0 0
Cayman Islands, UKOT 9 0 0 0
Chile 5186 7 0 0
China 1442 0 353 0
Colombia 88 2 16 0
Costa Rica 255 1 33 0
Cote d'Ivoire 2 0 0 0
Cuba 34 0 0 0
Cyprus 25 0 16 0
Czech Republic 9 0 0 0
Denmark 44 0 3 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 108 2 0 0
Ecuador 125 0 0 0
Egypt 50 0 7 0
El Salvador 226 0 66 0
Estonia 13 0 5 0
Ethiopia 2 0 0 0
Fiji 2 0 0 0
Finland 26 0 0 0
France 235 0 44 0
French Polynesia, FOC 3 0 2 0
Martinique, FOC 2 0 0 0
Germany 366 0 33 0
Greece 86 0 13 0
Guatemala 254 2 0 0
Honduras 118 1 0 0
Hungary 8 0 0 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 64 0 0 0
Indonesia 8 0 6 0
Iran 1 0 0 0
Iraq 10 0 10 0
Ireland 39 0 10 0
Israel 469 0 64 0
Italy 112 0 10 0
Jamaica 21 0 2 0
Japan 1212 0 163 0
Jordan 18 0 3 0
Korea, Republic of 202 0 60 0
Kuwait 30 0 0 0
Laos 3 0 0 0
Latvia 1 0 0 0
Lebanon 25 0 0 0
Lithuania 1 0 1 0
Luxembourg 4 0 1 0
Malaysia 112 0 44 0
Mexico 8279 116 0 0
Monaco 1 0 1 0
Montenegro 1 0 0 0
Morocco 11 0 0 0
Nepal 3 0 3 0
Netherlands 118 0 2 0
Netherlands Antilles, Curaçao * 3 0 0 0
Netherlands Antilles, Sint Maarten 1 0 0 0
New Zealand 587 0 134 0
Nicaragua 277 0 12 0
Norway 31 0 9 0
Oman 3 0 0 0
Panama 403 0 45 0
Papua New Guinea 1 0 0 0
Paraguay 85 0 6 0
Peru 360 0 108 0
Philippines 861 1 416 0
Poland 14 0 1 0
Portugal 11 0 4 0
Qatar 10 0 0 0
Romania 24 0 5 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Samoa 1 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 69 0 21 0
Serbia 5 0 3 0
Singapore 599 0 284 0
Slovakia 9 0 2 0
Slovenia 4 0 1 0
South Africa 1 0 0 0
Spain 541 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 9 0 2 0
Suriname 11 0 0 0
Sweden 67 0 6 0
Switzerland 49 0 2 0
Thailand 774 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 53 0 28 0
Tunisia 2 0 0 0
Turkey 27 0 1 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 8 0 1 0
United Kingdom 4250 1 653 0
Guernsey, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
Isle of Man, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
Jersey, Crown Dependency 8 0 0 0
United States of America 27717 127 6268 40
Uruguay 195 0 0 0
Vanuatu 2 0 0 0
Venezuela 172 0 19 0
Viet Nam 84 0 21 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip 9 0 0 0
Yemen 6 0 0 0
Grand Total 70893 311 11079 48
Chinese Taipei has reported 61 confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision
http://www.who.int

Read Full Article...>>>

Influenza A(H1N1) - update 54

Laboratory-confirmed cases of new influenza A(H1N1) as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)
26 June 2009 07:00 GMT
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases is given in the following map and table.
Map of the spread of Influenza A(H1N1): number of laboratory confirmed cases and deaths [png 423kb]

Country, territory and area Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Algeria 2 0 0 0
Antigua and Barbuda 2 0 0 0
Argentina 1391 21 178 14
Australia 3280 3 423 1
Austria 12 0 0 0
Bahamas 4 0 0 0
Bahrain 15 0 0 0
Bangladesh 1 0 0 0
Barbados 10 0 5 0
Belgium 36 0 6 0
Bermuda, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Bolivia 47 0 3 0
Brazil 399 0 65 0
British Virgin Islands, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 11 0 7 0
Bulgaria 7 0 2 0
Cambodia 5 0 4 0
Canada 6732 19 275 4
Cap Verde 3 0 0 0
Cayman Islands, UKOT 9 0 2 0
Chile 5186 7 871 3
China 1089 0 183 0
Colombia 72 2 1 0
Costa Rica 222 1 33 0
Cote d'Ivoire 2 0 0 0
Cuba 34 0 19 0
Cyprus 9 0 4 0
Czech Republic 9 0 2 0
Denmark 41 0 7 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 108 2 0 0
Ecuador 125 0 10 0
Egypt 43 0 3 0
El Salvador 160 0 0 0
Estonia 8 0 3 0
Ethiopia 2 0 0 0
Fiji 2 0 0 0
Finland 26 0 0 0
France 191 0 20 0
French Polynesia, FOC 1 0 0 0
Martinique, FOC 2 0 0 0
Germany 333 0 32 0
Greece 73 0 15 0
Guatemala 254 2 19 1
Honduras 118 1 0 1
Hungary 8 0 1 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 64 0 0 0
Indonesia 2 0 2 0
Iran 1 0 1 0
Ireland 29 0 6 0
Israel 405 0 30 0
Italy 102 0 6 0
Jamaica 19 0 0 0
Japan 1049 0 156 0
Jordan 15 0 0 0
Korea, Republic of 142 0 27 0
Kuwait 30 0 4 0
Laos 3 0 0 0
Latvia 1 0 0 0
Lebanon 25 0 0 0
Luxembourg 3 0 0 0
Malaysia 68 0 0 0
Mexico 8279 116 432 1
Montenegro 1 0 0 0
Morocco 11 0 2 0
Netherlands 116 0 6 0
Netherlands Antilles,Curaçao * 3 0 0 0
Netherlands Antilles,Sint Maarten 1 0 0 0
New Zealand 453 0 67 0
Nicaragua 265 0 45 0
Norway 22 0 0 0
Oman 3 0 0 0
Panama 358 0 28 0
Papua New Guinea 1 0 0 0
Paraguay 79 0 21 0
Peru 252 0 35 0
Philippines 445 1 0 0
Poland 13 0 0 0
Portugal 7 0 1 0
Qatar 10 0 0 0
Romania 19 0 0 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Samoa 1 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 48 0 3 0
Serbia 2 0 2 0
Singapore 315 0 121 0
Slovakia 7 0 3 0
Slovenia 3 0 2 0
South Africa 1 0 0 0
Spain 541 0 2 0
Sri Lanka 7 0 2 0
Suriname 11 0 0 0
Sweden 61 0 6 0
Switzerland 47 0 14 0
Thailand 774 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 25 0 0 0
Tunisia 2 0 0 0
Turkey 26 0 0 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 7 0 5 0
United Kingdom 3597 1 692 0
Guernsey, Crown Dependency 1 0 1 0
Isle of Man, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
Jersey, Crown Dependency 8 0 5 0
United States of America 21449 87 0 0
Uruguay 195 0 0 0
Vanuatu 2 0 1 0
Venezuela 153 0 18 0
Viet Nam 63 0 7 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip 9 0 1 0
Yemen 6 0 0 0
Grand Total 59814 263 3947 25
Chinese Taipei has reported 61 confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision
http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_06_26/en/index.html
Read Full Article...>>>

Influenza A(H1N1) - update 53

Laboratory-confirmed cases of new influenza A(H1N1) as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)
24 June 2009 07:00 GMT
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases is given in the following table and map.
Map of the spread of Influenza A(H1N1): number of laboratory confirmed cases and deaths [png 171kb]




Country, territory and area Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Algeria 2 0 1 0
Antigua and Barbuda 2 0 2 0
Argentina 1213 7 203 0
Australia 2857 2 421 1
Austria 12 0 3 0
Bahamas 4 0 2 0
Bahrain 15 0 0 0
Bangladesh 1 0 0 0
Barbados 5 0 1 0
Belgium 30 0 1 0
Bermuda, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Bolivia 44 0 19 0
Brazil 334 0 203 0
British Virgin Islands, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 4 0 3 0
Bulgaria 5 0 3 0
Cambodia 1 0 1 0
Canada 6457 15 747 2
Cap Verde 3 0 3 0
Cayman Islands, UKOT 7 0 3 0
Chile 4315 4 0 0
China 906 0 167 0
Colombia 71 2 0 0
Costa Rica 189 1 40 0
Cote d'Ivoire 2 0 2 0
Cuba 15 0 0 0
Cyprus 5 0 1 0
Czech Republic 7 0 0 0
Denmark 34 0 11 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 108 2 15 1
Ecuador 115 0 20 0
Egypt 40 0 1 0
El Salvador 160 0 0 0
Estonia 5 0 0 0
Ethiopia 2 0 2 0
Fiji 2 0 1 0
Finland 26 0 13 0
France 171 0 24 0
French Polynesia, FOC 1 0 0 0
Martinique, FOC 2 0 1 0
Germany 301 0 26 0
Greece 58 0 10 0
Guatemala 235 1 27 0
Honduras 118 0 10 0
Hungary 7 0 0 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 64 0 20 0
Ireland 23 0 0 0
Israel 375 0 84 0
Italy 96 0 8 0
Jamaica 19 0 0 0
Japan 893 0 43 0
Jordan 15 0 2 0
Korea, Republic of 115 0 10 0
Kuwait 26 0 0 0
Laos 3 0 1 0
Latvia 1 0 1 0
Lebanon 25 0 13 0
Luxembourg 3 0 0 0
Malaysia 68 0 45 0
Mexico 7847 115 223 2
Montenegro 1 0 1 0
Morocco 9 0 3 0
Netherlands 110 0 19 0
Netherlands Antilles, Curaçao * 3 0 0 0
Netherlands Antilles, Sint Maarten1 0 0 0
New Zealand 386 0 128 0
Nicaragua 220 0 31 0
Norway 22 0 5 0
Oman 3 0 0 0
Panama 330 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 1 0 0 0
Paraguay 58 0 10 0
Peru 217 0 32 0
Philippines 445 1 101 1
Poland 13 0 0 0
Portugal 6 0 0 0
Qatar 10 0 2 0
Romania 19 0 1 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Samoa 1 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 45 0 10 0
Singapore 194 0 52 0
Slovakia 4 0 1 0
Slovenia 1 0 0 0
South Africa 1 0 0 0
Spain 539 0 17 0
Sri Lanka 5 0 1 0
Suriname 11 0 0 0
Sweden 55 0 7 0
Switzerland 33 0 2 0
Thailand 774 0 185 0
Trinidad and Tobago 25 0 7 0
Tunisia 2 0 2 0
Turkey 26 0 6 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 2 0 0 0
United Kingdom 2905 1 399 0
Isle of Man, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
Jersey, Crown Dependency 3 0 2 0
United States of America 21449 87 0 0
Uruguay 195 0 159 0
Vanuatu 1 1 0
Venezuela 135 0 64 0
Viet Nam 56 0 21 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip 8 0 0 0
Yemen 6 0 1 0
Grand Total 55867 238 3707 7
Chinese Taipei has reported 61 confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision

Read Full Article...>>>

Influenza A(H1N1) - update 52

Laboratory-confirmed cases of new influenza A(H1N1) as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)
22 June 2009 07:00 GMT
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases is given in the following table and map.
Map of the spread of Influenza A(H1N1): number of laboratory confirmed cases and deaths [png 213kb]...




Country, territory and area Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Algeria 1 0 1 0
Argentina 1010 7 92 3
Australia 2436 1 237 1
Austria 9 0 1 0
Bahamas 2 0 0 0
Bahrain 15 0 3 0
Bangladesh 1 0 1 0
Barbados 4 0 0 0
Belgium 29 0 10 0
Bermuda, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Bolivia 25 0 14 0
Brazil 131 0 35 0
British Virgin Islands, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 1 0 1 0
Bulgaria 2 0 0 0
Canada 5710 13 805 1
Cayman Islands, UKOT 4 0 0 0
Chile 4315 4 1190 2
China 739 0 220 0
Colombia 71 2 11 1
Costa Rica 149 1 0 0
Cuba 15 0 0 0
Cyprus 4 0 3 0
Czech Republic 7 0 2 0
Denmark 23 0 1 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 93 1 0 0
Ecuador 95 0 9 0
Egypt 39 0 10 0
El Salvador 160 0 0 0
Estonia 5 0 0 0
Fiji 1 0 1 0
Finland 13 0 0 0
France 147 0 16 0
French Polynesia, FOC 1 0 0 0
Martinique, FOC 1 0 0 0
Germany 275 0 37 0
Greece 48 0 17 0
Guatemala 208 1 55 0
Honduras 108 0 0 0
Hungary 7 0 0 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 44 0 14 0
Ireland 23 0 7 0
Israel 291 0 72 0
Italy 88 0 0 0
Jamaica 19 0 5 0
Japan 850 0 160 0
Jordan 13 0 11 0
Korea, Republic of 105 0 21 0
Kuwait 26 0 8 0
Laos 2 0 1 0
Lebanon 12 0 0 0
Luxembourg 3 0 1 0
Malaysia 23 0 0 0
Mexico 7624 113 0 0
Morocco * 6 0 -2 0
Netherlands 91 0 4 0
Netherlands Antilles,Curaçao **3 0 0 0
Netherlands Antilles,Sint Maarten1 0 0 0
New Zealand 258 0 42 0
Nicaragua 189 0 45 0
Norway 17 0 0 0
Oman 3 0 0 0
Panama 330 0 58 0
Papua New Guinea 1 0 0 0
Paraguay 48 0 21 0
Peru 185 0 44 0
Philippines 344 0 33 0
Poland 13 0 6 0
Portugal 6 0 1 0
Qatar 8 0 5 0
Romania 18 0 0 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Samoa 1 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 35 0 13 0
Singapore 142 0 65 0
Slovakia 3 0 0 0
Slovenia 1 0 1 0
South Africa 1 0 0 0
Spain 522 0 10 0
Sri Lanka 4 0 3 0
Suriname 11 0 0 0
Sweden 48 0 5 0
Switzerland 31 0 4 0
Thailand 589 0 71 0
Trinidad and Tobago 18 0 0 0
Turkey 20 0 0 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 2 0 0 0
United Kingdom 2506 1 754 0
Isle of Man, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
Jersey, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
United States of America 21449 87 3594 43
Uruguay 36 0 0 0
Venezuela 71 0 11 0
Viet Nam 35 0 8 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip 8 0 3 0
Yemen 5 0 1 0
Grand Total 52160 231 7873 51
Chinese Taipei has reported 61 confirmed case of influenza A (H1N1) with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision

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Influenza A(H1N1) - update 51

Laboratory-confirmed cases of new influenza A(H1N1) as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)




19 June 2009 07:00 GMT

Country, territory and area Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Argentina 918 4 185 3
Australia 2199 0 87 0
Austria 8 0 1 0
Bahamas 2 0 0 0
Bahrain 12 0 0 0
Barbados 4 0 1 0
Belgium 19 0 0 0
Bermuda, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Bolivia 11 0 0 0
Brazil 96 0 17 0
British Virgin Islands, UKOT 1 0 0 0
Bulgaria 2 0 0 0
Canada 4905 12 856 5
Cayman Islands, UKOT 4 0 0 0
Chile 3125 2 790 0
China 519 0 137 0
Colombia 60 1 7 0
Costa Rica 149 1 0 0
Cuba 15 0 8 0
Cyprus 1 0 0 0
Czech Republic 5 0 1 0
Denmark 22 0 7 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 93 1 0 0
Ecuador 86 0 0 0
Egypt 29 0 3 0
El Salvador 160 0 35 0
Estonia 5 0 1 0
Finland 13 0 1 0
France 131 0 13 0
French Polynesia, FOC 1 0 0 0
Martinique, FOC 1 0 0 0
Germany 238 0 43 0
Greece 31 0 8 0
Guatemala 153 1 25 0
Honduras 108 0 8 0
Hungary 7 0 3 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 30 0 0 0
Ireland 16 0 4 0
Israel 219 0 67 0
Italy 88 0 16 0
Jamaica 14 0 2 0
Japan 690 0 24 0
Jordan 2 0 0 0
Korea, Republic of 84 0 19 0
Kuwait 18 0 0 0
Laos 1 0 1 0
Lebanon 12 0 1 0
Luxembourg 2 0 0 0
Malaysia 23 0 6 0
Mexico 7624 113 1383 5
Morocco 8 0 5 0
Netherlands 87 0 19 0
Netherlands Antilles, Curaçao * 3 0 2 0
Netherlands Antilles, Sint Maarten 1 0 1 0
New Zealand 216 0 89 0
Nicaragua 144 0 26 0
Norway 17 0 4 0
Oman 3 0 3 0
Panama 272 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 1 0 1 0
Paraguay 27 0 2 0
Peru 141 0 29 0
Philippines 311 0 118 0
Poland 7 0 0 0
Portugal 5 0 2 0
Qatar 3 0 0 0
Romania 18 0 2 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Samoa 1 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 22 0 5 0
Singapore 77 0 28 0
Slovakia 3 0 0 0
South Africa 1 0 1 0
Spain 512 0 13 0
Sri Lanka 1 0 0 0
Suriname 11 0 11 0
Sweden 43 0 6 0
Switzerland 27 0 0 0
Thailand 518 0 208 0
Trinidad and Tobago 18 0 13 0
Turkey 20 0 4 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 2 0 1 0
United Kingdom 1752 1 291 0
Isle of Man, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
Jersey, Crown Dependency 1 0 0 0
United States of America 17855 44 0 0
Uruguay 36 0 0 0
Venezuela 60 0 15 0
Viet Nam 27 0 0 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip 5 0 3 0
Yemen 4 0 3 0
Grand Total 44287 180 4667 13
Chinese Taipei has reported 60 confirmed case of influenza A (H1N1) with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision.
http://www.who.int

Read Full Article...>>>

Influenza A(H1N1) - update 50

Laboratory-confirmed cases of new influenza A(H1N1) as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision
17 June 2009 12:00 GMT




Country, territory and area Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Argentina 733 1 390 1
Australia 2112 0 289 0
Austria 7 0 0 0
Bahamas 2 0 1 0
Bahrain 12 0 11 0
Barbados 3 0 0 0
Belgium 19 0 2 0
Bermuda, UKOT 1 0 1 0
Bolivia 11 0 4 0
Brazil 79 0 25 0
British Virgin Islands,UKOT 1 0 1 0
Bulgaria 2 0 0 0
Canada 4049 7 1071 3
Cayman Islands, UKOT 4 0 2 0
Chile 2335 2 641 0
China 382 0 64 0
Colombia 53 1 11 0
Costa Rica 149 1 45 0
Cuba 7 0 1 0
Cyprus 1 0 0 0
Czech Republic 4 0 0 0
Denmark 15 0 3 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 93 1 0 0
Ecuador 86 0 6 0
Egypt 26 0 8 0
El Salvador 125 0 30 0
Estonia 4 0 0 0
Finland 12 0 8 0
France 118 0 38 0
France, French Polynesia,FOC 1 0 1 0
France, Martinique, FOC 1 0 1 0
Germany 195 0 25 0
Greece 23 0 4 0
Guatemala 128 1 9 0
Honduras 100 0 11 0
Hungary 4 0 0 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 30 0 14 0
Ireland 12 0 0 0
Israel 152 0 35 0
Italy 72 0 5 0
Jamaica 12 0 1 0
Japan 666 0 61 0
Jordan 2 0 2 0
Korea, Republic of 65 0 0 0
Kuwait 18 0 0 0
Lebanon 11 0 3 0
Luxembourg 2 0 1 0
Malaysia 17 0 12 0
Mexico 6241 108 0 0
Morocco 3 0 2 0
Netherlands 68 0 7 0
Netherlands, Curacao, OT 1 0 1 0
New Zealand 127 0 41 0
Nicaragua 118 0 62 0
Norway 13 0 0 0
Panama 272 0 0 0
Paraguay 25 0 0 0
Peru 112 0 21 0
Philippines 193 0 116 0
Poland 7 0 0 0
Portugal 3 0 0 0
Qatar 3 0 3 0
Romania 16 0 3 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Samoa 1 0 1 0
Saudi Arabia 17 0 6 0
Singapore 49 0 2 0
Slovakia 3 0 0 0
Spain 499 0 11 0
Sri Lanka 1 0 1 0
Sweden 37 0 5 0
Switzerland 27 0 5 0
Thailand 310 0 281 0
Trinidad and Tobago 5 0 0 0
Turkey 16 0 6 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 1 0 0 0
United Kingdom 1461 1 235 1
United Kingdom, Isle of Man, Crown Dependency 1 0 1 0
United Kingdom, Jersey, Crown Dependency 1 0 1 0
United States of America* 17855 44 0 -1
Uruguay 36 0 0 0
Venezuela 45 0 20 0
Viet Nam 27 0 2 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip 2 0 0 0
Yemen 1 0 1 0
Grand Total 39620 167 3692 4
Chinese Taipei has reported 58 confirmed case of influenza A (H1N1) with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.

*The data has been revised on the basis of further laboratory confirmation
http://www.who.int
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Influenza A(H1N1) - update 49

15 June 2009 -- As of 17:00 GMT, 15 June 2009, 76 countries have officially reported 35, 928 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection, including 163 deaths.

The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases by country is given in the following table and map.
Laboratory-confirmed cases of new influenza A(H1N1) as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)...






Country Cumulative total Newly confirmed since the last reporting period
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
Argentina 343 0 0 0
Australia 1823 0 221 0
Austria 7 0 0 0
Bahamas 1 0 0 0
Bahrain 1 0 0 0
Barbados 3 0 0 0
Belgium 17 0 3 0
Bolivia 7 0 2 0
Brazil 54 0 2 0
Bulgaria 2 0 0 0
Canada 2978 4 0 0
Cayman Islands, UKOT 2 0 0 0
Chile 1694 2 0 0
China 318 0 100 0
Colombia 42 1 7 0
Costa Rica 104 1 0 0
Cuba 6 0 0 0
Cyprus 1 0 0 0
Czech Republic 4 0 0 0
Denmark 12 0 1 0
Dominica 1 0 0 0
Dominican Republic 93 1 2 0
Ecuador 80 0 13 0
Egypt 18 0 8 0
El Salvador 95 0 26 0
Estonia 4 0 0 0
Finland 4 0 0 0
France 80 0 7 0
Germany 170 0 75 0
Greece 19 0 12 0
Guatemala 119 1 45 0
Honduras 89 0 0 0
Hungary 4 0 0 0
Iceland 4 0 0 0
India 16 0 7 0
Ireland 12 0 0 0
Israel 117 0 49 0
Italy 67 0 11 0
Jamaica 11 0 0 0
Japan 605 0 56 0
Korea, Republic of 65 0 6 0
Kuwait 18 0 0 0
Lebanon 8 0 0 0
Luxembourg 1 0 0 0
Malaysia 5 0 0 0
Mexico 6241 108 0 0
Morocco 1 0 1 0
Netherlands 61 0 26 0
New Zealand 86 0 28 0
Nicaragua 56 0 0 0
Norway 13 0 0 0
Panama 272 0 0 0
Paraguay 25 0 0 0
Peru 91 0 12 0
Philippines 77 0 0 0
Poland 7 0 0 0
Portugal 3 0 1 0
Romania 13 0 2 0
Russia 3 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 11 0 5 0
Singapore 47 0 22 0
Slovakia 3 0 0 0
Spain 488 0 0 0
Sweden 32 0 13 0
Switzerland 22 0 2 0
Thailand 29 0 21 0
Trinidad and Tobago 5 0 1 0
Turkey 10 0 0 0
Ukraine 1 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 1 0 0 0
United Kingdom 1226 0 404 0
United States of Americ 17855 45 4638 18
Uruguay 36 0 0 0
Venezuela 25 0 0 0
Viet Nam 25 0 2 0
West Bank and Gaza Strip 2 0 2 0
Grand Total 35928 163 5834 18
Chinese Taipei has reported 37 confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) with 0 deaths. Cases from Chinese Taipei are included in the cumulative totals provided in the table above.
Cumulative and new figures are subject to revision

http://www.who.int


Read Full Article...>>>